Obesity is a chronic and complex health condition, not merely an aesthetic issue. Body weight is influenced by diet and physical activity, but also by genetics, hormones, sleep, stress, medications, psychological factors, and the environment in which a person lives.
That is why a good plan does not begin with a restrictive diet, but with a conversation, an examination, and an assessment of the person's overall health.
Why is it important to respond?
Excess body fat can increase the risk of type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, lipid disorders, cardiovascular disease, fatty liver disease, sleep apnea, joint disease, and certain cancers. Risk is not the same for every person, which is why it is assessed individually.
Even moderate, sustainable weight loss can improve blood pressure, blood sugar and lipid regulation, and reduce stress on the joints.
Assessment is more than BMI
Body mass index, or BMI, is a useful rough indicator, but it does not describe fat distribution, muscle mass, or an individual's health risk. For that reason, in addition to BMI, a doctor considers waist circumference, blood pressure, laboratory findings, existing conditions, medications, habits, and family history.
In children and adolescents, BMI is always interpreted according to age and sex using appropriate growth charts.
What does a sustainable approach look like?
- a realistic eating plan that can be followed long term
- a gradual increase in physical activity according to the person's abilities and health status
- enough sleep and recognition of stress's influence on appetite
- regular monitoring of progress without self-punishment for occasional deviations
- treatment of associated conditions and review of therapy that may affect weight
When are medicines or other procedures needed?
For some patients, lifestyle changes are not enough. Depending on BMI, health risks, and previous attempts, a doctor may consider medication for obesity or refer the patient for assessment for other procedures. Treatment should not be chosen based on a medication's popularity and must not be taken without medical supervision.
An individual plan that includes regular follow-ups and cooperation between the patient and doctor, and when needed a dietitian and other professionals, produces the best results.
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