Skin cancer develops when skin cells begin to multiply uncontrollably. The most common forms are basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, while melanoma is less common but can spread more quickly and therefore requires early recognition.
Changes most often appear on sun-exposed skin, but they can also develop in areas that are usually covered. Regular self-examinations and a dermatological examination help identify a suspicious change in time.
Which changes should you watch for?
- a new growth or sore that does not heal
- a lesion that bleeds, forms a scab, itches, or hurts
- a mole that changes in size, shape, color, or surface
- a lesion that looks different from all other moles
- a red, rough, or scaly lesion that does not go away
The ABCDE rule for moles
The ABCDE rule is a helpful guide, but it cannot replace a dermatological examination. A lesion can be suspicious even if it does not meet all of these criteria.
- A – asymmetry: one half of the lesion does not match the other
- B – borders: irregular, jagged, or unclear borders
- C – color: multiple shades within the same lesion
- D – diameter: a larger lesion may be suspicious, but melanoma can also be smaller
- E – evolution: any change in appearance or new symptoms over time
Who has an increased risk?
Risk is higher in people with fair skin, frequent sunburns, many moles, a personal or family history of skin cancer, a weakened immune system, and long-term exposure to UV radiation. Tanning beds also expose the skin to UV radiation and are not a safe alternative to sunlight.
How should you examine your skin?
Once a month, examine your skin in good light. Do not forget the scalp, ears, back, nails, palms, soles, and the skin between your fingers and toes. Use a mirror for hard-to-see areas or ask someone close to you for help. A photograph can help track changes, but it is not a substitute for dermoscopy.
Prevention and a dermatological examination
A dermatologist examines the skin and moles with a dermatoscope. If a lesion is suspicious, the dermatologist will recommend the next step, which may include surgical removal and histopathological analysis.
- avoid strong sunlight during the part of the day when UV radiation is highest
- wear clothing, a hat, and sunglasses, and apply sunscreen regularly
- do not use tanning beds
- show any suspicious or changed lesion to a dermatologist without delay
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